The 2025 Banking on Climate Chaos report showed that BMO provided $72.1 bn in financing to the fossil fuel industry between 2021 and 2024. In 2024 only, BMO provided $19.9 bn, including $6.9 bn for oil, gas and coal companies expanding fossil fuels. BMO was one of the 20 largest fossil fuel financiers in 2024. Find further details on BMO's fossil fuel portfolio and how it compares to other large banks globally on the Banking on Climate Chaos website below.

Partner organisation Reclaim Finance tracks the coal, oil and gas policies of financial institutions, including banks, in their Coal Policy Tool (CPT) and the Oil and Gas Policy Tracker (OGPT). BankTrack works closely with Reclaim Finance and endorses their policy assessments. Find further details on their assessment of Bank of Montreal’s fossil fuel policy below.

BankTrack assessed BMO Financial Group in its 2024 Global Human Rights Benchmark, where it achieved 5 points out of 15 and was ranked as a “follower”.

The bank scored 0.5 out of 3 points on the new “specific rights indicators”, which assess how banks address human rights defenders, Indigenous Peoples’ right to Free, Prior and Informed Consent and environmental rights in their policies and practices. 

In addition, BMO Financial Group scored 0 out of 3 on how it responds to alleged human rights violations linked to its finance, which were raised by civil society organisations. More information is detailed in the “Accountability” section of this profile.

The table below shows BankTrack's assessment of how BMO Financial Group has implemented the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Please click on 'expand all details' and 'explanation' for further information on the methodology.

Our policy assessments are always a work in progress. We very much welcome any feedback, especially from banks included in the assessments. Please get in touch at humanrights@banktrack.org.

BMO Financial Group left the Net Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA) on 17 January 2025. Before that, as a NZBA member it had committed to reduce its financed emissions to net zero by 2050; within 18 months of joining the alliance set interim targets for 2030 (or sooner) for high emission priority sectors, and within 36 months set further sector targets; set new intermediary targets every 5 years from 2030 onwards; annually publish data on emissions and progress against a transition strategy including climate-related sectoral policies; and take a robust approach to the role of offsets in transition plans. BankTrack will keep track of Goldman Sachs and other ex-NZBA member banks' climate action in a specific section of the NZBA tracker. 

As part of the Net Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA), BMO Financial Group is required to set interim targets for 2030 for high emission priority sectors. For BMO Financial Group, this includes its lending to the steel sector. You can see BMO Financial Group’s iron and steel decarbonisation targets, and its progress towards meeting them in our NZBA steel targets compliance tracker:

Partner organisation Reclaim Finance’s 2023 report on metallurgical coal financing showed that BMO Financial Group provided US$ 4.7 billion in loans and underwriting to developers of new metallurgical coal between 2016 and 2022. Find further details on BMO Financial Group’s metallurgical coal financing and and how it compares to other large banks globally in the report.

Reclaim Finance also tracks the metallurgical coal policies of financial institutions, including banks, in their Coal Policy Tool. BankTrack works closely with Reclaim Finance and endorses their policy assessments. Find further details on their assessment of BMO Financial Group metallurgical coal policy below.

According to a report by Reclaim Finance, between 2016 and June 2023, BMO provided $2.6 billion in finance to the fossil-steel industry, making it the 50th largest financier worldwide. Find further details on BMO's steel financing and how it compares to other large banks globally in the report.