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Cirebon 2 coal power plant Indonesia
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Created on: 2016-09-30 00:00:00
Last update: 2021-04-21 00:00:00

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PLTU Cirebon, West Java. Photo: ANTARA/Yudhi Mahatma
Sector Coal Electric Power Generation
Location
Status
Planning
Design
Agreement
Construction
Operation
Closure
Decommission
Website http://www.cirebonpower.co.id/
This project has been identified as an Equator Project

About Cirebon 2 coal power plant

The coal fired power plant Cirebon Unit 2, with a capacity of 1,000 megawatt, is a power plant project in the West Java region of Cirebon, Indonesia. The project is estimated to require an investment of USD two billion and is expected to be operational in 2020. The Cirebon project was also supposed to include a further 1,000 megawatt expansion, Cirebon 3, expected to cost a further USD 2.1 billion. However, as of June 2020 there had been no progress on Unit 3 since May 2016 by Marubeni and other potential sponsors, and the unit appears to be cancelled. The project is being developed by Cirebon Energi Prasarana (CEPR), a consortium consisting of Marubeni (35%), Indika Energy (25%), Samtan (20%), Korea Midland Power (10%) and Chubu Electric (10%). This consortium signed a 25-year power purchase agreement with the Indonesian state power utility PLN in October 2015.

The Marubeni-led consortium has awarded Black & Veatch, a US-based global engineering company, the engineering contract. Black & Veatch will oversee the scheduling, design, quality control of equipment supplied and construction of the second expansion. ING Bank and Latham & Watkins, an international law firm, are advising on the project.

Latest developments

Indonesian groups file formal complaint against ING for Cirebon II financing

2021-04-26 00:00:00

Cirebon 2 development delayed

2020-03-08 00:00:00

What must happen

Financial institutions should avoid financing the expansion of the Cirebon power plant, and the banks involved in the consortium financing Cirebon 2 should urgently withdraw their support. We consider ING’s involvement in this project a clear violation of the bank's new coal policy, adopted in November 2015 in the lead-up to COP21, which clearly states that "ING will not finance any new coal-fired power plants". Further, financing this project would present a breach of the Equator Principles.

Impacts

Social and human rights impacts

Health impacts of coal
Coal power plants are a significant source of air pollution, filling the air with toxic pollutants, including mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium and tiny toxic particles that go deep into people's lungs. This pollution leads to an increased risk of lung cancer, stroke, heart diseases, and respiratory diseases.  See the 2015 Greenpeace report 'The Human Cost of Coal Power', based on a Harvard University study.

Harvard University has found that existing coal-fired power plants in Indonesia cause an estimated 6,500 premature deaths every year. Each large new power plant, like the Cirebon 2 Expansion (1000 MW capacity) is expected to result, on average, in the death of 600 Indonesians every year.

There have been anecdotal reports from local residents from the surrounding area of the Cirebon Unit 1 Plant of increased respiratory infections, which matches the government data showing there are more patients affected by acute upper respiratory tract infection in this area than other districts.

Impacts on local livelihoods
Since the construction and operation of Cirebon Unit 1 Plant in 2007, the local community has suffered heavily from ongoing adverse environmental impacts of the plant. The people residing at villages near the plant have traditionally relied on small-scale fishing, shellfish harvesting, salt making, production of terasi (shrimp paste) and farming for their livelihood. These livelihoods are all but gone for the local residents due to Cirebon's pollution, use of water resources and impacts on the natural environment.

According to testimonies from local communities, fish and shrimp catches decreased by more than half since the beginning of the project in 2007. The productivity of salt pans near the project site has also deteriorated since Cirebon Unit 1 began its operations, and as a result community representatives report that some 500 laborers in the affected communities have lost their livelihood. These impacts have been reported by the community organisation Rapel (Rakyat Penyelamat Lingkungan, or Environment Defender Community) Cirebon.

Environmental and climate impacts

Lack of Appropriate Consultation and Transparent Procedure in EIA and land acquisition
The Construction of Cirebon Unit 1 started before any environmental impact assessment (EIA) was completed, and local communities have complained of lack of transparency during the land acquisition process for the plant site. There are accounts of local authorities and companies using intimidation to encourage local landowners to sell their land, and a similar situation is emerging in the process of EIA and the land acquisition for Cirebon Unit 2. 

Water pollution
Coal is one of the most water-intensive methods of generating electricity since it consumes and pollutes a huge amount of water during extraction, processing, and combustion at power plants. An incredible amount of water is used and contaminated during the entire lifecycle of coal: coal mines deplete groundwater and pollute rivers and lakes. Coal washing turns large amounts of freshwater into toxic wastewater. Coal power plants consume vast amounts of water for cooling and pollution controls and their coal ash ponds can contaminate surrounding water bodies.

Coal ash pollution
Burning pulverized coal in boilers to create steam for power generation produces a number of combustion residuals. One is bottom ash, which is removed from the bottom of coal furnaces. Another is fly ash, most of which is captured by filtration equipment before flue gases reach the chimneys of power plants. Other combustion residuals are emitted through the stack. Such coal ash is generally trucked in dry or sent through pipelines with water to a disposal facility. The former generates fugitive dust and the latter often leads to groundwater contamination as heavy materials and other toxic chemicals flow into bodies of natural water. Coal ash is highly likely to contaminate soils, as well as harm ecosystems and human health, since it contains various heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, chrome, cobalt, copper, lead, and mercury, as well as radioactive substances such as radium, thorium, and uranium.

Air pollution
Air pollution standards in Indonesia are not protecting the local population. Despite the enormous health impacts of particulate matter pollution, Indonesia has no air quality standards for PM2.5, no standards for yearly average PM10 levels, and only a very weak standard of 150μg/m3 for daily PM10 levels. There is almost no air quality monitoring in Indonesia. From everyday experience it is clear that air pollution is a serious issue e.g. on much of Java and Sumatra, but there is little hard data made available by the government.

The Cirebon region
In West Java province in Indonesia is already feeling the effects of climate change. These include a rise in sea level, flooding in the coastal area, and drought during the long dry season. According to the national Agency for Disaster management (BnPB), about 13 per cent of the total area in Cirebon city is at heightened risk from flooding during high tides and high rainfall periods. In addition, the impacts of climate change threaten agricultural production, with drought causing extensive crop failure, in particular in Cirebon district (source: pubs.iied.org).

Governance

Applicable norms and standards

Equator Principles

Timeline

Indonesian groups file formal complaint against ING for Cirebon II financing

2021-04-26 00:00:00

On the day of ING's annual shareholders' meeting, the Indonesian Fair Finance Guide, Responsibank, is filing a formal complaint against ING.  For years, international environmental and human rights organisations, including the Fair Finance Guide, have called on ING to stop financing the Cirebon coal power plant. But ING still provides USD 125 million in financing to Cirebon 2 and is lead arranger for a consortium of banks that collectively has provided USD 592 million to Cirebon 2. Read more here.

Cirebon 2 development delayed

2020-03-08 00:00:00

In March 2020 the project's sponsor declared force majeure and stated that development would be delayed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Possible corruption and bribery in issuing environmental permit

2019-11-20 00:00:00

The company building Cirebon 2 – Korean Hyundai Engineering and Construction – stands accused of bribery and corruption. On  15 November 2019, the Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) announced Hyundai’s general manager as a suspect in bribery of the former regent of Cirebon.

According to KPK, the former regent received 6 billion rupiah (approx US$423,000) to give the project the go-ahead.  PT. Cirebon Energi Prasarana (CEPR), the project sponsor, is also implicated in these corruption allegations. KPK has imposed a six-month travel ban on both the CEO and CEPR’s director. If the project licensing is proven illegal, this project could be cancelled.

The original environmental permit for the plant was revoked on 19 April 2017. However the sponsors filed another permit in July, which was issued in September 2017. Bandung Legal Aid challenged that new permit and is having the legality of the verdict in this case reviewed. Loans have been disbursed despite this legal uncertainty.

Indonesian environmental groups file notice against government on Cirebon2

2017-11-20 00:00:00
The Indonesian environmental group WALHI through its West Java chapter, together with Bandung Legal Aid and a number of community members and grassroots organization, submitted a legal notice today to the Head of the West Java Provincial government.The notice expressed the group’s objection to an environmental permit issued to the
developer of the Cirebon Coal Fired Power Plant to support the planned 1x1000 MW expansion. The permit was issued in lieu of a previous permit that was declared illegal by the Bandung Administrative Court in April 2017.

Decision to revoke the environmental permit for Cirebon 2 seems final

2017-08-14 00:00:00

The Head of West Java Provincial Investment and Licensing Agency (BPMPT West Java Province) being the defendant in a courtcase regarding the environmental permit for the Cirebon 2 power plant has revoked the appeal against the decision of the Bandung State Administrative Court. The request means that the government has to accept the first court decision to revoke the environmental permit. Wahyu Widianto, WALHI Advocacy Manager of West Java, expects the defendant to immediately comply with this decision: "This ruling shows the enforcement of one of the worst examples of the 35,000 MW project implementation, as legislation has been breached. With the BHT of this verdict we can see that this project, being contrary to the prevailing spatial plan, and clearly violates the law, has a high legal risk." (source Walhi.or.id).

WALHI has formally lodged its feedback to a request made by PT Cirebon Energi Prasarana

2017-06-13 00:00:00

The West Java chapter of environmental organization Wahana Lingkungan Indonesia (WALHI) has formally lodged its feedback to a request made by PT Cirebon Energi Prasarana (PT CEPR), the company behind the development of a new 1000 MW power plant in Cirebon, West Java, to have its environmental permit revised. In the submission made yesterday, WALHI West Java argues that the request is a disregard to an ongoing legal process that concerns the environmental permit and therefore must not be granted.

Objection against JBIC, complaint at Japanese National Contact Point

2017-05-29 00:00:00

On May 24, 2017, two community members affected by the Cirebon coal-fired power plant project came over to Japan and handed over an objection to the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), one of the project's main funders. At the same time, Indonesian and Japanese NGOs handed the complaint to the Japanese National Contact Point under the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. Read a full report and the objections here.

Court orders government to revoke Cirebon coal power plant permit

2017-04-20 00:00:00

In a landmark judgement, the Bandung administrative court revoked on April 19, 2017 the environmental permit for Cirebon Coal Fired Power Plant, known as “Cirebon 2”. The civil case was filed in December 2016 by The People for Environmental Protection (Rakyat Penyelamat Lingkungan or RAPEL), assisted by the Advocacy Team for Climate Justice. The judgement stipulates that Cirebon 2 has violated the local spatial planning law. Whereas the spatial plan only designated the district of Astanajapura for the power plant development, Cirebon 2 was found to be also covering the district of Mundu, which is assigned as an area for purposes other than the power plant.

According to Indonesian law, an environmental permit is a key requirement in infrastructure projects and is issued by the local government upon the satisfactory completion of the environmental impact assessment or “AMDAL”. Without an environmental permit, a project should not be allowed to continue, however, the Provincial Government has a 14 day window to appeal the judgement. After this period, the court ruling effectively means that ongoing developments of Cirebon 2 must cease.

Financial close for Cirebon 2 delayed till April 2017

2017-03-28 00:00:00

Financial close for Cirebon 2, the USD2 billion, 1,000MW expansion to the Cirebon coal-fired power plant in West Java, has been delayed to the end of April, according to a source with direct knowledge of the matter. IJGlobal recently reported that the sponsors would sign the financial documents by end of March 2017, but according to a source, signing has been delayed to mid-April, with certain banks still working on the deal. After the financial documents are signed, which the source said will happen by 15 April, the final close will occur by the end of April. “We saw a short delay on this project, which isn’t bad for Indonesia. This isn’t the first time this has happened, but this time, it will close. I don’t want to get into the details on what happened, but it’s still on track. It will be closed by end of April,” the source told IJGlobal over the phone.

Legal challenge to Indonesian coal plant begins

2017-01-11 00:00:00

A legal challenge has commenced against a decision by the West Java provincial government to grant an environment permit for the proposed 1000 MW expansion of the Cirebon plant. Lawyers for six individuals argue the proposed plant and associated infrastructure are proposed in an area zoned for fishermen and shrimp farmers which have already been adversely affected by the operation of the existing 660 MW Cirebon plant. (Walhi)

Marubeni targets early Q3 for financial closure Cirebon 2

2016-05-19 00:00:00

The sponsors of the USD two billion 1,000 megawatt expansion to the Cirebon coal-fired power plant complex in Indonesia are aiming to reach financial close by the beginning of the third-quarter of 2016 (source: www.ijglobal.com).

Memorandum of Understanding signed on Cirebon 3 project

2016-05-17 00:00:00

Marubeni (Japan), Korea Midland Power, Samtan and PT IMEI have signed a MOU in May 2016 for the construction of a 1,000 megawatt expansion to the Cirebon project. Cirebon 3 will be build adjacent to Cirebon 2 (due to be realised in 2020) in the West Java province of Indonesia.

Financiers

The consortium of commercial banks, mandated in January 2016, provides 40% of the total debt of the project.

Credit Agricole withdrew from this consortium of banks at the end of March 2017.

Related companies

Project sponsor

CEP Indonesia

PT Cirebon Energi Prasarana is the project sponsor of Cirebon 2.

Other companies

Black & Veatch United States

Chubu Electric Japan

Indika Energy Indonesia

Korea Midland Power South Korea

Latham & Watkins - international -

legal advisors

Marubeni Japan show profile

Coal Electric Power Generation | Mining | Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Mills

Samtan South Korea

News

| |
Type:
Year:
blog
external news
our news

Equator Banks involved in financing at least 200 fossil fuel projects since Paris

BankTrack research sheds new light on finance for fossil fuels by Equator banks
2021-10-26 | BankTrack
blog
external news
our news

Dutch bank ING draws complaint for financing controversial Indonesian coal plants

2021-04-28 | Eco-Business
blog
external news
our news

Formal complaint on Indonesia coal financing lodged to ING

2021-04-26 | Eerlijke Bankwijzer, Fair Finance International
blog
external news
our news

Equator Banks fail communities on consultation and grievance mechanisms, new study finds

BankTrack research into nine projects financed ‘under Equator’ finds routine failures to conduct proper community consultation and a lack of effective project-level grievance mechanisms
2020-11-24 | Nijmegen | BankTrack
blog
external news
our news

Hyundai admits bribing Indonesian politician for power plant construction

2019-05-02 | The Korea Times
blog
external news
our news

171 CSOs from 40 Countries Call on Japanese Government to Stop its Public Finance for Cirebon and Indramayu Coal Plants in West Java, Indonesia

2018-05-20 | FoE Japan
blog
external news
our news

Indonesian environmental groups file legal notice against government over Japan and Korean-backed coal fired power plant in Cirebon, West Java

2017-11-19 | Walhi
blog
external news
our news

Project Finance for Expansion of Cirebon Coal-fired Power Plant in Indonesia

Supporting Japanese companies' participation in IPP project for ultra-supercritical power plant
2017-11-14 | JBIC
blog
external news
our news

Leaked letter reveals worries over Indonesia’s state power company PLN's debts

2017-09-29 | Greenpeace
blog
external news
our news

BPMPT West Java Unplug Environmental Permit for Cirebon 2 1 x 1000MW Power Plant, Citizen: Development Must be Terminated

article in indonesian
2017-08-14 | Walhi
blog
external news
our news

Cirebon power plant developer request for a permit revision is a disregard to Indonesian law and must not be granted

2017-06-13 | Bandung | WALHI
blog
external news
our news

Indonesian Local Residents Came Over to Japan to File an Objection against JBIC

2017-05-29 | Friends of the Earth Japan
blog
external news
our news

NGOs file complaint against ING for violation of OECD guidelines

Organisations call on the Dutch bank to take further steps on climate
2017-05-09 | Amsterdam | BankTrack, Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth Netherlands, Oxfam Novib
blog
external news
our news

Court orders government to revoke Cirebon coal power plant permit – JBIC should respect Indonesian law and drop financing plans

2017-04-20 | Walhi
blog
external news
our news

[Urgent Statement] Regional Court Revokes the Environmental Permit JBIC Must Immediately Review and Repeal its Loan Agreement for the Illegal Project!

Japanese Groups Strongly Object to JBIC Premature Decision to Provide Financing, Ignoring the Judicial Judgement in the Host Country
2017-04-19 | Friends of the Earth Japan
blog
external news
our news

Embarrassment for Japanese Government bank as court rules coal plant’s permit illegal

2017-04-19 | Endcoal.org
blog
external news
our news

Banks risk breach of sustainability standards over Indonesian coal plant finance

New report from BankTrack and Greenpeace
2017-04-03 | Nijmegen, Netherlands | BankTrack, Greenpeace
blog
external news
our news

Financial close for Cirebon 2 delayed till April

2017-03-28 | IJGlobal
blog
external news
our news

280 CSOs from 47 Countries Call on Japanese Government to Reject Financing for Cirebon and Indramayu Coal Plants in West Java, Indonesia

2017-03-27 | FoE Japan
blog
external news
our news

AP: Indonesia – Cirebon 2 signing this week

2017-03-27 | Project Finance International
blog
external news
our news

280 CSOs from 47 Countries Call on Japanese Government to Reject Financing for Cirebon and Indramayu Coal Plants in West Java, Indonesia

2017-03-27 | Friends of the Earth Japan
blog
external news
our news

Cirebon 2 financing documents to be signed by month end

2017-03-15 | IJGlobal
blog
external news
our news

Domestic finance won't cost the Earth

2017-01-24 | The Jakarta Post
blog
external news
our news

Coal in Indonesia: Société Générale pulls out of financing, Crédit Agricole under pressure to follow

2017-01-03 | Paris | Friends of the Earth France
blog
external news
our news

Proyek PLTU 2.000 MW di Jepara dan Cirebon Dapat Dana 3 Bulan Lagi

2016-12-24 | DetikFinance
blog
external news
our news

Environmentalists plead Japanese and French banks to stop financing coal-fired plants in Indonesia

2016-11-21 | ZME Science
blog
external news
our news

COP22: The pressure is growing on banks financing coal expansion in Indonesia

2016-11-18 | Yann Louvel – BankTrack
blog
external news
our news

Financing of coal industry expansion by top banks undermining Paris Agreement

2016-11-14 | Marrakech, Morocco | BankTrack, Friends of the Earth France, Market Forces, Rainforest Action Network, urgewald
blog
external news
our news

Charbon: le «double jeu» des banques françaises

2016-10-28 | Liberation
blog
external news
our news

Crédit Agricole and Société Générale announce end to financing of coal power projects

2016-10-27 | Paris, Nijmegen | BankTrack, Les Amis de la Terre
blog
external news
our news

Malgré leurs promesses, les banques restent addicts au carbone

2016-10-04 | L'Humanité
blog
external news
our news

ING still invests hundreds of millions in polluting coal companies

ING lends EUR 300 million to Eon fossil spin-off Uniper
2016-09-22 | Amsterdam | BankTrack and Fair Bank Guide Netherlands
blog
external news
our news

Black & Veatch awarded consultancy role in Cirebon power plant project

2016-08-23 | Rambuenergy.com
blog
external news
our news

Marubeni targets early Q3 close for Cirebon 2

2016-05-19 | IJGlobal
blog
external news
our news

Greenpeace Occupies Cirebon Power Plant in Anti-Coal Protest

2016-04-16 | The Jakarta Globe
blog
external news
our news

Cirebon power plant to start construction in Q2 next year

2015-10-29 | The Jakarta Post
blog
external news
our news

Marubeni says to build 1 GW coal power plant in Indonesia

2015-10-23 | Reuters

Documents

Type:
Year:
our publications
2020-11-24 00:00:00

"Trust Us, We're Equator Banks": Part II

2020-11-24 00:00:00 | BankTrack
ngo documents
2019-12-05 00:00:00

Indonesian coal-fired power exposed to corruption

Cirebon coal-fired power project: problems on environment, human rights, and corruption, and banks’ non-compliance with international norms
2019-12-05 00:00:00 | Fair Finance Guide Japan
company documents
2016-05-17 00:00:00

Memorandum of Understanding of Cirebon 3 Announcement

2016-05-17 00:00:00 | Marubeni Corporation
correspondence
2018-05-18 00:00:00

Letter from FoE Japan and 170 NGOs to Japanese government, JBIC, JICA, NEXI on Japanese government must stop financing Cirebon and Indramayu coal power plants

2018-05-18 00:00:00 | FoE Japan and 170 NGOs
our publications
2017-05-08 00:00:00

ING Coal Bank Briefing 2017

2017-05-08 00:00:00 | BankTrack
ngo documents
2017-03-23 00:00:00

Japanese government must reject financing the Cirebon and Indramayu coal-fired power plants, West Java, Indonesia

Letter to the Japanese government signed by 280 organisations
2017-03-23 00:00:00 | Friends of the Earth Japan
our publications
2017-04-03 00:00:00

The Cirebon 2 coal power plant and the Equator Principles

2017-04-03 00:00:00 | BankTrack and Greenpeace
correspondence
2016-10-06 00:00:00

Letter from Crédit Agricole to Les Amis de la Terre and al. on Cirebon 2 and TJB2

2016-10-06 00:00:00 | Crédit Agricole
correspondence
2016-09-14 00:00:00

Letter from BankTrack and al. to Crédit Agricole on Cirebon 2

2016-09-14 00:00:00 | BankTrack and al.
ngo documents
2016-09-06 00:00:00

Mainstreaming gender in climate change adaptation in Cirebon, Indonesia

2016-09-06 00:00:00 | IIED, Urdi, The Rockefeller Foundation
correspondence
2016-07-27 00:00:00

Letter from Rapel Cirebon community to NEXI on Cirebon project

2016-07-27 00:00:00 | Rapel Cirebon community
correspondence
2016-04-30 00:00:00

Letter from Rapel Cirebon community to JBIC on Cirebon project

2016-04-30 00:00:00 | Rapel Cirebon community
ngo documents
2015-08-31 00:00:00

Cirebon 1 impacts photo-map

2015-08-31 00:00:00 | FoE Japan
ngo documents
2015-08-01 00:00:00

Human cost of coal power

How coal-fired power plants threaten the health of Indonesians
2015-08-01 00:00:00 | Greenpeace

Media








Video links

http://media.greenpeace.org/collection/27MZIFJJM63AJ#/SearchResult&ALID=27MZIFJJM63AJ&VBID=27MZV87PW3964&POPUPPN=1&POPUPIID=27MZIFJJMTP4S

Links

Greenpeace Indonesia Cirebon campaign website

(in Indonesian)
http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/id/press/releases/Aksi-Di-PLTU-Cirebon-Untuk-Meninggalkan-Batubara/

Cirebon power station profile

by Sourcewatch
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Cirebon_power_station

Cirebon power plant profile

Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirebon_Steam_Power_Plant

Market Forces - Cirebon 2 profile

https://www.marketforces.org.au/research/indonesia/cirebon-2/

Brief history

The first unit of the Cirebon coal fired power plant, with a capacity of 660 megawatt, was commissioned in 2012 and is, since then, operated by Cirebon Electric Power. This project was financed with an 18-year bank loan of USD 595 million from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), The Export-Import Bank of Korea (Kexim) and four commercial lenders (ING Bank, Mizuho, Sumitomo Banking Corporation and Mitsubishi UFG). In November 2013, CEP announced that it was set to start the construction of the plant's second unit, which will generate an additional power supply of 1,000 megawatts.

In May 2016, a press article mentions a consortium of five banks (ING, Crédit Agricole, Mizuho, SMBC, MUFG) set to provide a USD 640 million loan to the project, aiming to reach financial close by the beginning of the third-quarter of 2016. Financial close was eventually reached in November 2017.

In February 2019 the government's long-range plan for 2019-2028 listed the project with a completion date of 2022.

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