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Home › Dodgy Deals ›
Dodgy Deal
Minerva FoodsBrazil

Company – Active

This profile is actively maintained
Lead organisations:
BankTrack,Amazon Watch,Imazon & Profundo
Contact:

nature@banktrack.org

Last update: 2022-11-22 00:00:00
Cattle ranch in the Paraguayan Chaco. Photo: Peer V via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY SA 3.0)

Company – Active

This profile is actively maintained
Lead organisations:
BankTrack,Amazon Watch,Imazon & Profundo
Contact:

nature@banktrack.org

Last update: 2022-11-22 00:00:00
Why this profile?

Why this profile?

Minerva has major operations in the Amazon rainforest, where together with Marfrig and JBS it accounts for around 70% of all cattle slaughtered, and the company has been found to be potentially buying cattle from almost one million hectares of land at risk of deforestation. Minerva also operates slaughterhouses in the world's most biodiverse savannah, Brazil's Cerrado Biome. Despite previous commitments to zero-deforestation, it still does not have a system for monitoring secondary and tertiary cattle suppliers, meaning it does not exclude suppliers that continue to clear forests, use slave labour or invade indigenous lands and other protected areas.

What must happen

Banks should not renew or take on new financing agreements with Minerva until and unless it fully eliminates deforestation and land rights abuses from its entire supply chain, as the company is highly implicated in deforestation in the Amazon.

About
Sectors Beef Industry , Agriculture for Biofuels, Agriculture for Food Crops
Headquarters
Ownership

The principal holders of Minerva outstanding common shares are SALIC (UK) Limited (30.55%), VDQ Holdings S.A. (22.36%),Compass Group (5.46%),  Minerva S.A. (3.68%), and others (free float) account for 37.95%. More details here.

Subsidiaries
Companhia Sul Americana de Pecuaria S.A. – - international -
Frigomerc – Paraguay
Minerva Dawn Farms Industria e Comercio de Proteinas SA – Brazil
Website https://www.minervafoods.com/

Minerva Foods is a Brazilian livestock company and one of the largest South American companies involved in the production of beef and its by-products, meat processing, and cattle export. The company operates 25 cattle slaughterhouses across Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay and Colombia with a combined slaughter capacity of 29,350 heads of cattle per day. It also operates four sheep slaughterhouses in Australia and three processing units in Brazil and Argentina. Minerva is Brazil's second-largest beef exporter (behind JBS), exporting largely to the US and Europe.

Impacts

Impact on human rights and communities

Labor issues: The cattle industry in the Chaco region of Paraguay, where a great part of Minerva’s cattle is sourced from, has been linked to reports of slave labour, child labour, and encroachment into indigenous lands, including by the UN Human Rights Council. The growth of beef production in the Paraguayan Chaco over the past years has been based on the exploitation of indigenous workers. Minerva has a Paraguayan subsidiary, Frigomerc, which owns an export-oriented slaughterhouse in the Chaco. The company's commitments with regard to slave labour, violence, and invasion of indigenous territories only apply to production from Brazil. None of the five top exporter groups in 2018 in Paraguay, including Minerva, had made any public commitment to eliminate forced labour and child labour from their supply chains.

In 2021, research by Repórter Brazil found that Minerva’s meatpacking plant in Araguaína, Brazil bought cattle from a direct supplier which sourced part of its animals from the “4 de Outubro farm”. This farm was involved in a case of slave labour in 2017 and later included in the “dirty list” of slave labour created by the federal government. Minerva Foods told Repórter Brazil that they have “never done business with the 4 de Outubro farm” and that no irregularities could be found in the process of supplying livestock to its unit in Arguaína. However, given the findings of Repórter Brazil’s investigation, this shows the inadequacy of Minerva’s surveillance systems.


Impact on climate

Largely driven by the cattle industry, deforestation in Latin America reduces the capacity of rainforests to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and to act as carbon sinks, which would help reduce the impacts of global greenhouse gas emissions. The Brazilian Amazon, in which Minerva operates several of its slaughterhouses, has been so impacted that some portions of it may already be releasing more carbon than they store.

Wildfires are more frequent in recently deforested areas, and the use of fire for land clearing further contributes to global CO2 emissions. The cattle industry plays a major role in these processes, as fire is used to open space for profitable cattle-ranching. The deforestation caused by cattle ranching is collectively responsible for the release of 340 million tons of carbon each year, equivalent to 3.4% of current global emissions.


Impact on nature and environment

Deforestation: In the Amazon alone, 80% of current destruction is driven by the cattle sector. The rainforest is deliberately cleared so the cows can be raised in the region, and deforestation reached 16% of the total area of the Legal Amazon in 2020. Furthermore, cattle pastures also degrade riparian and aquatic ecosystems, causing soil erosion, river siltation and contamination with organic matter. In the Brazilian Amazon, there are around 85 million cows, the equivalent to approximately four cows per inhabitant in the region. 

In 2009, Minerva signed a legally binding settlement agreement (Term of Conduct Adjustment - TAC) with the Federal Prosecutors Office commiting not to source cattle from areas associated with deforestation ("Minimum Criteria for operations with cattle and bovine products on an industrial scale in the Amazon biome"). The company also responded to an investigation by Greenpeace on the link between deforestation and cattle farming in the Amazon with a zero deforestation commitment called the Cattle Agreement. Although Minerva has committed to measures for forest protection, the company still fails on their zero deforestation pledges.

A study published in 2017 by the NGO Imazon found that Minerva's Amazon slaughterhouses could be buying cattle from almost one million hectares of land at risk of deforestation, areas embargoed by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), and areas deforested between 2010 and 2015. According to the same study, the company figures in the 10th place in the ranking of 81 companies in terms of exposure to three risks associated with deforestation in their potential buying zones in the Brazilian Amazon in 2016. It has identified 931,000 hectares with some type of risk in the potential buying zones of Minerva’s Amazon plants.

According to Greenpeace, in 2018 Minerva sourced cattle from Fazenda Rio Branco for a total of R$1.3m (£222,000). Chaules Pozzebon, the farm’s owner, is a Brazilian businessman accused of keeping workers in slave-like conditions, environmental harm, deforestation, and commerce of illegal timber. Several embargoes and fines for deforestation were recorded by Ibama under his name between 2006 and April 2022. Pozzebon was eventually sentenced, in June 2021, to 99 years in prison for leading a criminal gang. 

Furthermore, another Greenpeace report (2020) has found that Minerva indirectly sourced cattle from farms that deforested a unique and biodiverse protected Amazon reserve, the Sierra Ricardo Franco Park, in Brazil’s state of Mato Grosso, on the border with Bolivia. State prosecutors said that since the park was created in 1997, the region where three farms in Sierra Ricardo Franco Park are located (Paredão I, Paredão II, and Cachoeira) were cleared, with thousands of hectares illegally deforested.

Minerva has bought cattle from a farm outside the reserve (Barra Mansa farm) that had sourced livestock from two farms inside it (Paredão I and Paredão II). For Minerva in Mirassol D’Oeste, Barra Mansa sold at least 2,000 animals between August 2018 and June 2019, showing that the company had its supply chain contaminated by deforestation and cattle ranching within a conservation area. During the same time, Minerva’s meat packing plant in Mirassol d’Oeste exported 18,625 tons of beef products worth more than $ 100 million, of which 12.5% went to the EU including Denmark, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom, based on shipping data based on export documents.  The owner or part owner of the Paredão farms was charged with environmental crimes inside the 159,000-hectare reserve.

In Brazil, Minerva also operates slaughterhouses in the world's most biodiverse Savannah, the Cerrado Biome. The company has slaughterhouses in the Matopiba region (Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí and Bahia), the agricultural frontier area of the Cerrado.

In Bolivia, a 2021 investigation by the Environmental Investigation Agency found Minerva to be a buyer of illegally raised cattle, coming from illegally deforested areas and helping to support armed groups through forced payments.

Furthermore, Minerva sources much of its beef from the Gran Chaco region, in Paraguay, which has been experiencing intensive deforestation largely due to cattle ranching. Between 2010 and 2018, the Paraguayan part of the Chaco biome lost more than 2 million hectares of native vegetation, largely due to the expansion of cattle pasture. The Dry Chaco region particularly has seen some of the highest rates of deforestation worldwide in the past decade. Minerva’s Paraguayan subsidiary, Frigomerc, owns an export-oriented slaughterhouse on the edge of the Chaco. According to the platform Trase, the group accounts for almost half of Paraguayan cattle trade volumes and its exports were responsible for almost 70% of all cattle deforestation risk among Paraguayan exporters in 2018. Despite this, the company’s deforestation-free commitments only apply to the Amazon biome, meaning that it is not adequately addressing the risks in other countries or forest ecosystems.

Irregularity and lack of transparency in the supply chains: Since 2014, Minerva has made public the results of independent audits made to test their systems for purchasing cattle from the direct supplying ranches in the Amazon biome. The 2016 audits found that Minerva does not adopt any system for verifying the indirect suppliers (breeding and rearing ranches that sell to the fattening ranches). 

By 2018, Minerva had four slaughterhouses in the Amazon where they should implement the TAC restrictions. In the same year, the Amazonian state of Pará published an audit of Minerva and other companies, which found that the company reached compliance of 99.7% regarding direct suppliers. However, an independent audit again noted that Minerva does not have any monitorable and verifiable traceability system for its indirect suppliers to monitor all cattle purchases in the Amazon biome, including the supply chain links preceding the fattening ranches that supply to the slaughterhouses.

Authorities of the Federal Prosecutor Office in the Amazonian state of Pará have stated that there are no companies buying cattle from the Brazilian Amazon that are able to affirm their supply chain is deforestation-free. In fact, their systems for supply chain monitoring rely on official documents that can be susceptible to fraud, and on data provided by cattle ranchers themselves, who may have little interest in reporting compromising information. 


Impact on pandemics

Changes in ecosystems increase interactions between animal species that would otherwise not get in close contact. As the cattle industry drives deforestation in Latin America, pastures and ranches push human encroachment onto natural resources. 

In the Amazon rainforest in particular, deforestation and fires set animals on the move to find new livable habitats. They relocate, bringing along pathogens and the risk of disease spillovers between species. Cattle ranching nearby or within the Amazon, as well as land clearing for further expansion, is a major factor of risk for the emergence of zoonotic diseases. Domestic cattle can even act as a bridge for viruses between wildlife and humans. By operating slaughterhouses in the Brazilian Amazon and Paraguayan Chaco, Minerva contributes to increasing this risk.

According to researchers at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, a Brazilian public health institute, a strong disease risk has been identified in converting Amazonian forest into pastures and fields as these land uses attract marsupials and rodents, carriers of hantaviruses. In Brazil, the recent emergence of such viruses, among others, has been a clear warning of the dangers of the expansion of anthropogenic activities in the rainforest. 

Financiers
Institution type
Finance type
Year
News
BankTrack
Partners
Blog
External
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

This Dutch Bank Is Financing the Meat Industry’s Biggest Emitters

BankTrack quoted
2023-02-06 | Sentient Media
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Milieugroepen roepen Rabobank op te stoppen met financieren vleesindustrie

BankTrack quoted
2023-01-31 | Netherlands | Financieel Dagblad
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Rabobank called on to stop billions of dollars in finance to polluting industrial meat and dairy companies

2023-01-31 | BankTrack, Feedback EU, Feedback Global, World Animal Protection
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

JBS, Marfrig, and Minerva unlikely compliant with upcoming EU deforestation law

2022-11-30 | Chain Reaction Research
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

JBS admits to buying almost 9,000 cattle from ‘one of Brazil’s biggest deforesters’

Cattle raised on illegally deforested farms in the Amazon belonging to criminal kingpin were sold to JBS slaughterhouses from 2018-2022. At the same time, US and European banks were flooding meatpacker with cash
2022-11-11 | Unearthed
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Our nature and climate demand a reduction of industrial beef production, but banks missed the memo

New policy analysis shows that banks do not have robust policies in place for the beef sector and are failing to include methane reduction or halting deforestation in climate solutions
2022-10-19 | Hannah Greep – BankTrack
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Global bank policies ‘dangerously inadequate’ to prevent financing of deforestation, climate chaos and human rights abuses

As the climate and biodiversity crisis intensifies, credit to forest-risk commodity companies increased 160% between 2020 and 2021.
2022-10-18 | Forests & Finance Coalition
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Cafetinas, clientes do BNDES e procurado pela Interpol: quem são os empregadores na nova ‘lista suja’ do trabalho escravo

Register of the Ministry of Labor included 95 new employers who subjected 685 workers to contemporary slavery – livestock and charcoal production are the sectors with the highest number of rescued
2022-10-06 | Repórter Brasil
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Analysis: Do the meat industry’s promises on deforestation add up?

The world’s biggest meat suppliers, JBS, Marfrig and Minerva have committed to cleaning up their supply chains by 2030. But a guest analysis from Repórter Brasil shows a lack of transparency and systems that are vulnerable to fraud.
2022-07-04 | Unearthed
private BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

European stores pull products linked to Brazil deforestation

2021-12-17
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Top global banks and investors made an estimated USD 1.74 billion in income since Paris Climate Agreement from deals with agribusinesses linked to destruction of climate-critical forests and human rights abuses

2021-10-21 | Global Witness
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

The Chain: Less Rainfall Caused by Amazon Deforestation Could Lead to Almost $200B in Losses for Beef and Soy Sectors

2021-06-10 | Chain Reaction Research
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Safeguard biodiversity - finance less meat and more plants.

On International Biodiversity Day, Fair Finance Netherlands is calling for Dutch banks to safeguard environmental biodiversity by supporting the transition from predominantly meat based to plant-based diets instead.
2021-05-27 | Fair Finance International
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Stock indices let Brazil meatpackers shed ties to deforestation, draw investors

2021-04-22 | Mongabay
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Beefing up risk: the exposure of JBS’ financiers to financial, regulatory and reputational risks

2021-02-11 | Marília Monteiro - BankTrack, Merel van der Mark - Environmental Paper Network
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Investigation: Dutch, Japanese pension funds pay for Amazon deforestation

2021-02-05 | Mongabay
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Major global banks complicit in widespread destruction of the Amazon rainforest linked to Brazilian beef companies, and international audits flawed

2020-12-03 | Global Witness
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

How Morgan Stanley is linked to deforestation in the Amazon

2020-11-27 | Mongabay and Reporter Brasil
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Frigorífico cresce com ajuda do Banco Mundial, mas falha em reduzir impacto na Amazônia

2020-11-22 | Mongabay
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Queimadas na Amazônia são 3 vezes mais comuns em áreas próximas a frigoríficos

2020-11-22 | Repórter Brasil
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

JBS, Marfrig e Minerva seguem comprando gado de áreas desmatadas irregularmente

2020-11-22 | Climainfo
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Satellites, maps and the flow of cattle: Brazilian solutions for reducing deforestation are already in use

2020-11-12 | Mongabay
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

The Chain: Spike in Fire Alerts Within Sourcing Regions of Top Brazilian Meatpackers Increases Investor Risk

2020-10-31 | Chain Reaction Research
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

UK purchased £1bn of beef from firms tied to Amazon deforestation

2020-09-21 | The Bureau of Investigative Journalism
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Despite Progress, Brazilian Meatpacking Companies Still Cannot Promise ‘Deforestation-Free’

Despite Progress, Brazilian Meatpacking Companies Still Cannot Promise ‘Deforestation-Free’
2020-09-21 | Greenpeace
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

How Morgan Stanley is linked to deforestation in the Amazon

2020-09-17 | Mongabay and Reporter Brasil
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Banks are fueling deadly fires, Covid-19 threatens to compound the risks

2020-09-08 | forestsandfinance.org
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Investors drop Brazil meat giant JBS

2020-08-27 | The Guardian
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Banks and pension funds among investors bankrolling meat and dairy

2020-07-09 | The Guardian
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Brazilian meatpacker expands with World Bank funding but fails to reduce impacts in the Amazon

2020-07-09 | Mongabay
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Greenpeace liga frigoríficos a criação ilegal de gado em área protegida

Fazendas localizadas ilegalmente em unidade de conservação no Mato Grosso são fornecedoras de frigoríficos como Marfrig, Minerva e JBS, diz levantamento. ONG critica falhas no monitoramento e incentivo à grilagem.
2020-06-04 | Deutsche Welle
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

How deforestation and cattle raising threaten biodiversity in Brazil

2020-06-04 | Greenpeace
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

UK military beef supplier linked to illegal deforestation in Brazil

Beef sourced by Ministry of Defence in Bahrain comes from Frigorifico Sul, a firm that purchased thousands of cattle from ranchers fined R$33.5m (£6m) for environmental breaches
2020-04-28 | Earthsight
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

World Bank urged to rethink investment in one of Brazil's big beef companies

UN experts say it is impossible to rule out that cattle raised on illegally deforested land end up in supply chain of Minerva
2019-12-10 | The Guardian
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

UK beef imports tied to deforestation

2019-09-18 | The Ecologist
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Leading burger supplier sourced from Amazon farmer using deforested land

2019-09-16 | The Guardian
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

World Bank leaves door open to slavery in Paraguay

2018-08-01 | International Trade Union Confederation
Resources
Documents
Links
2023-01-31 00:00:00

Briefing: Rabobank's financial services to the global meat and dairy companies fueling climate change

NGO document
2023-01-31 00:00:00 | Feedback EU
2023-01-31 00:00:00

Letter from Feedback EU, Feedback Global, BankTrack & World Animal Protection to Rabobank on industrial livestock

Correspondence
2023-01-31 00:00:00 | Feedback EU, Feedback Global, BankTrack & World Animal Protection
2022-11-30 00:00:00

JBS, Marfrig, and Minerva Unlikely Compliant with Upcoming EU Deforestation Law

NGO document
2022-11-30 00:00:00 | Chain Reaction Research
2021-05-27 00:00:00

Tainted Beef

How criminal cattle supply chains are destroying the Colombian Amazon
NGO document
2021-05-27 00:00:00 | Environmental Investigation Agency
2020-08-27 00:00:00

Brazilian Beef Supply Chain Under Pressure Amid Worsening ESG Impacts

NGO document
2020-08-27 00:00:00 | Chain Reaction Research
2019-08-03 00:00:00

Minerva response to Global Witness

Other document
2019-08-03 00:00:00 | Minerva Foods
2021-12-31 00:00:00

Sustainability Report 2021

Company document
2021-12-31 00:00:00 | Minerva Foods
2019-09-23 00:00:00

Money to Burn

How iconic banks and investors fund the destruction of the world’s largest rainforests
NGO document
2019-09-23 00:00:00 | Global Witness
2021-05-03 00:00:00

Key Cerrado Deforesters in 2020 Linked to the Clearing of More Than 110,000 Hectares

NGO document
2021-05-03 00:00:00 | Chain Reaction Research
2021-04-28 00:00:00

Driving deforestation

The European automotive industry’s contribution to deforestation in Brazil
NGO document
2021-04-28 00:00:00 | Aidenvironment and Rainforest Foundation Norway
2021-04-15 00:00:00

Making Mincemeat of the Pantanal

NGO document
2021-04-15 00:00:00 | Greenpeace
2021-03-19 00:00:00

Countdown to Extinction

What will it take to get companies to act?
NGO document
2021-03-19 00:00:00 | Greenpeace
2021-02-25 00:00:00

Monitor - Steak in the supermarket, forest on the ground

NGO document
2021-02-25 00:00:00 | Reporter Brasil
2020-12-21 00:00:00

Domestic Banks Finance 74% of Brazilian Beef & Soy

NGO document
2020-12-21 00:00:00 | Chain Reaction Research
2020-12-18 00:00:00

JBS, Marfrig, and Minerva: Material Financial Risk from Deforestation in Beef Supply Chains

NGO document
2020-12-18 00:00:00 | Chain Reaction Research
2020-12-18 00:00:00

Rapid Response - Soy & Cattle Report

NGO document
2020-12-18 00:00:00 | Mighty Earth
2020-12-10 00:00:00

The money that feeds the cattle

NGO document
2020-12-10 00:00:00 | Repórter Brasil
2020-11-27 00:00:00

Complicity in Destruction III

NGO document
2020-11-27 00:00:00 | Amazon Watch
2020-11-22 00:00:00

Letter from Forests & Finance to JPMorgan Chase on JPMorgan Chase' forest-risk financing

Correspondence
2020-11-22 00:00:00 | Forests & Finance
2020-11-22 00:00:00

Letter from Forests & Finance to BNP Paribas on BNP Paribas' forest-risk financing

Correspondence
2020-11-22 00:00:00 | Forests & Finance
2020-11-22 00:00:00

Caso Carne Legal

Other document
2020-11-22 00:00:00 | Brazilian Federal Public Ministry
2020-10-07 00:00:00

Grand Theft Chaco

NGO document
2020-10-07 00:00:00 | EarthSight
2020-09-04 00:00:00

Audit of the State of Pará

Other document
2020-09-04 00:00:00
2020-09-04 00:00:00

Independent auditor’s limited assurance report

Other document
2020-09-04 00:00:00 | GrantThornton
2020-08-20 00:00:00

Cattle Agreement

Other document
2020-08-20 00:00:00 | Greenpeace

Minerva Yearly Sustainable Reports

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