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Home › Dodgy Deals ›
Dodgy Deal
Phulbari coal mineBangladesh

Project – On record

This profile is no longer actively maintained, with the information now possibly out of date
Profile by:
BankTrack
Contact:

Ryan Schlief, International Accountability Project, USA;

Knud Vöcking, urgewald, Germany

Last update: 2016-10-18 16:41:20
... Photo: ..

Project – On record

This profile is no longer actively maintained, with the information now possibly out of date
Profile by:
BankTrack
Contact:

Ryan Schlief, International Accountability Project, USA;

Knud Vöcking, urgewald, Germany

Last update: 2016-10-18 16:41:20
Why this profile?

What must happen

It is strongly recommended that project financiers, including public development banks and private financial institutions investing in GCM Resources immediately withdraw their support for GCM and this project.

About
Sectors Coal Mining
Location
Status
Planning
Design
Agreement
Construction
Operation
Closure
Decommission

The Phulbari coal project is a proposed open pit coal mine in northwest Bangladesh and includes the construction of at least one 500-MW power plant. At full production about eight million tons of coal will be transported by rail and barges to an offshore reloading facility located in Akram Point. An additional four million tons will be exported to India via railway, and the remaining three million tons will be used for domestic energy consumption.

The Phulbari Coal Mine is a fundamentally flawed project that risks the impoverishment of hundreds of thousands of people in Bangladesh and will lead to more conflict in the area.

Impacts

Social and human rights impacts

The project will acquire almost 6,000 hectares of land (60 sq km) and, according to project documents and independent reports, will physically and economically displace between 50,000-220,000 people. This displacement will take place in one of the most densely populated countries in the world and will destroy a critical agricultural region in the country, threatening Bangladesh’s food supply.  Over 80 percent of the land taken for this project will be fertile, agricultural land which will not be replaced, leaving farmers and families dependent on the land for their livelihoods with few options for employment. In short, the project would turn hundreds of thousands of farmers into land-less wage earners, competing for jobs in entirely different sectors.

In addition, if the project is implemented, the open-pit mine will destroy or displace: 1,577 ponds (used to earn income through sale of fish); 80,000 fruit and timber trees (plus many thousands of bamboo sticks); 928 businesses; 36,052 homes, barns, boundary walls and toilets; 106 schools; 48 health facilities; 138 mosques, temples and churches; 692 graveyards; and 2 ancient archaeological sites.

The grassroots resistance that has formed around the project has been met with egregious violations to human rights. In August 2006, the Bangladesh Rifles, a paramilitary force, opened fire on the 50,000 local people who were conducting a peaceful protest around the Phulbari project area. At least three people were killed, including a 14-year old boy, and over 100 people were wounded.

Following these protests, in January 2007, Bangladesh was put under emergency rule and a military-backed interim government took over in the country. In many ways, rule of law has been suspended in the country. Over the past 18 months, community leaders, individuals from non-governmental organizations, human rights defenders and others have been intimidated, threatened, arrested and tortured. As one example, in February 2007, Mr. S.M. Nuruzzaman, one of the leaders of the social movement in opposition to the project, was falsely arrested and subsequently tortured. The Bangladeshi ‘joint forces’ were reportedly directed by officials of Asia Energy, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Global Coal Management, to arrest Mr. Nuruzzaman.

In Bangladesh, fewer women than men work in formal paid employment (57.2% vs. 89.8%), more women than men work in the informal agricultural sector (67.8% vs. 59.4%), more women than men are illiterate (67% vs. 48%), women generally lack property rights due to patrilineal inheritance laws, and they perform the majority of domestic care work.
Thus, the Phulbari Coal Project’s potential displacement of over 100,000 people from prime agrarian land, plus its plan to de-water the mine area (appx. 314 sq km.), would produce the following effects:

  • migrant women and girls would be pushed disproportionately into flexible, exploitative work, including forced prostitution and human trafficking;
  • women’s relative economic inequity would deepen as male property owners alone receive financial compensation;
  • women and girls’ time poverty would increase as they shoulder care responsibilities for family members exposed to environmental hazards;
  • women themselves would face increased risks of disease, including HIV/AIDS, as they collect water contaminated with arsenic or engage in unprotected sex work; and finally,
  • women would face increases in gender-based violence as civil unrest, police brutality and community dissolution all rise.

Environmental and climate impacts

In order to keep the open-pit mine from flooding, the company will need to deplete the water table leading to water scarcity for communities around the mine area. 

In addition to the impacts the project will have on water availability, it is likely that there will be significant contamination of land and rivers much beyond the mine area due to acid mine drainage. Hundreds of small rivers in the area are linked like a huge net, allowing polluted water to travel long beyond the mining footprint. 

Another important environmental concern is that the project may lead to the degradation of the Sundarbans, a UNESCO protected mangrove forest because the coal will be transported through this area in barges. This forest is a habitat for the Bengal Tiger and many endangered species and also serves as a source of livelihood for fisherfolk and other communities dependent on the wetlands for sustenance. The Sundarbans also act as a natural barrier protecting the Bangladeshi people from the impacts of typhoons, floods and other natural disasters.

Financiers
Institution type
Finance type
Year

Fidelity Investments holds equity in GCM.
Polo Resources holds equity in GCM.

As of July 2011, more than half (53.9%) of GCM equity is held by US hedge funds including Luxor Capital Group LLC, LCG Holdings LLC, and Christian Leone.

Asian Development Bank was preparing project and is not currently involved but, the project may enter the Bank’s pipeline again in the future.

Barclays and RBS withdrew from the project in 2008 by selling their shares in GCM subsequent to pressure through protests at their AGMs.    

 

Companies

GCM Resources

United Kingdom
Profile
Website
No companies
Governance
Norms & standards
Other regulations

Applicable norms and standards

1972 Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and other Matters
2006 European directive on the management of waste from extractive industries
Alliance for responsible mining
Equator Principles
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
ILO Safety and Health in Coal Mines
ILO Safety and health in the iron and steel industry
International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM)- 10 Principles
OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
Safety and Health in Mines Convention
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
Universal Declaration of Human Rights

News
BankTrack
Partners
Blog
External
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

10 years after Phulbari Massacre, Open Pit Coal Mine in Bangladesh Remains Stalled

2016-12-20 | Cultural Survival
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

GCM keen on generating 19,000MW from coal

2015-12-23 | Dhaka Tribune
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Datuk Michael Tang New GCM’s Chairman

2015-12-21 | Energy Bangla
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

GCM withering and wilting

2015-12-21 | London Mining Network
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Protest in London against Phulbari coal mine

2015-12-19 | Prothom Alo
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

When will GCM Resources be put out of its misery?

2015-12-09 | London Mining Network
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Phulbari coal mining company secures financing

2015-11-26 | Dhaka Tribune
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

UK government highlights opposition to GCM Resources plan for Bangladesh coal mine

2015-09-10 | Global Justice Now
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Govt says "no" to open-pit mine

2015-08-24 | New Age
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Asia Energy’s parent company signs £3m loan agreement

2015-06-02 | Dhaka Tribune
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Asia Energy could shut its doors soon if mining deal not reached

2014-12-08 | Dhaka Tribune
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Phulbari locals again protest Asia Energy CEO’s visit

2014-11-27 | Dhaka Tribune
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Phulbari mining firm’s human rights record okayed

2014-11-22 | Dhaka Tribune
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Bangladesh mine activists dump coal outside GCM meeting in London

2013-12-20 | The Guardian
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Protests at GCM Resources AGM over Bangladesh coal mine

2013-12-04 | Bangladesh
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

GCM recasts strategy to win deal for exploiting Phulbari coal mine

2013-10-28 | The Financial Express
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

‘BNP will scrap Rampal power plant’

2013-09-05
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

UK government accepts complaint over GCM Resources’ Bangladesh coal mine

2013-06-14 | London | Miriam Ross
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Protests prevent British mining company GCM visiting mine site in Bangladesh – director resigns

2013-02-04 | World Development Movement
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Complaint filed against British coal miner GCM over Bangladesh mine

2012-12-20 | UK / Bangladesh
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Bangladesh open-pit coal mine threatens fundamental rights, warn UN experts

2012-02-28
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Demo over Bangladeshi Brit-backed mine

2011-12-15 | Morning Star
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Bangladeshi activists in London unite in protest outside GCM's AGM

2011-12-15 | London, UK
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Phulbari Coal Project: Protest and shareholder activism in London

2011-12-15 | London | International Accountability Project
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Polo Resources Ltd under fire from human rights organizations on the eve of their AGM

2011-10-19 | San Francisco | International Accountability Project
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Bangladesh strike hit by clashes

2011-07-03 | Bangladesh | BBC
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Over 150 detained during hartal

2011-07-03 | Dhaka | bdnews24.com
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

The struggle against India's coal rush

2011-07-01 | Sierra Club
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

De-energising Bangladesh

2011-06-19 | Bangladesh | New Age BD
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Down with coal! The grassroots anti-coal movement goes global

2011-05-31 | Truthout!
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Government to persuade public to support open-pit mining

2011-05-30 | Bangladesh | New Age
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

4 sites chosen for mining city in Dinajpur

2011-05-21 | Bangladesh | New Age
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Put pressure for coal policy: Muhith

2011-05-17 | Bangladesh | BDNews24
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Tension grips Barapukuria coalmine area

2011-05-06 | Mumbai | The New Nation
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Big coal emergency in Bangladesh worsens: Violent crackdown on villagers peacefully opposing coal mine

2011-05-06 | Bangladesh | International Accountability Project
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Siege protesting open pit mining to continue today

2011-05-05 | Bangladesh | The Daily Star
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Displacing people for profit: Obama Administration supports controversial coal project in Bangladesh

2011-04-26 | Bangladesh | Alternet
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Bangladesh’s climate displacement nightmare

2011-04-18 | Bangladesh | Ecologist
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Energy at what cost? Protests against forced eviction from US-backed coal mine continue in Bangladesh

2011-04-08 | Bangladesh | International Accountability Project
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Villagers rally against open pit mining

2011-03-29 | Bangladesh | London Mining Network
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Big Coal WikiLeaks emergency in Bangladesh: Does Obama support removal of 100,000 villagers?

2011-03-24 | Bangladesh | Huffington post
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Massive protest rally against mines in Phulbari & Barapukuria

2011-03-07 | Bangladesh | International Accountability Project
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

WikiLeaks cables confirm concerns of IAP and partners in Bangladesh mine case

WikiLeaks reveals U.S. diplomats pushed Bangladesh to re-open mine opposed by thousands; cables confirm long-standing concerns of human rights groups
2010-12-22 | Phulbari, Bangladesh | International Accountability Project
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

WikiLeaks cables: US pushed for reopening of Bangladesh coal mine

2010-12-21 | Guardian
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

GCM’s share price in decline after demonstration against its AGM in London

2010-12-07 | London | International Accountability Project
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Oil-gas committee gears up for Oct ‘long march’

2010-09-03
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Campaigners demand UK coal company withdraw support for destructive Bangladeshi mine

2008-12-16 | London, U.K. | International Accountability Project
Blog
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Global civil society calls on private banks to withdraw support from Bangladesh coal mine

2008-08-21 | San Francisco, USA | International Accountability Project
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Donors meet Tuesday to design development schemes in Bangladesh

2008-04-06 | Unb, Dhaka | The Daily Star
BankTrack news BankTrack blog Partner news Partner blog

Asian bank scuppers UK mine project in Bangladesh

2008-04-06 | The Guardian
Resources
Documents
Images
Videos
Links
2013-06-17 00:00:00

Complaint From the International Accountability Project and The World Development Movement Against GCM Resources plc in Bangladesh

Initial Assessment By The UK National Contact Point For The OECD Guidelines For Multinational Enterprises
Other document
2013-06-17 00:00:00 | OECD
2012-12-06 00:00:00

Undermining development: forced eviction in Bangladesh

Other document
2012-12-06 00:00:00 | Kate Hoshour, International Accountability Project
2012-12-01 00:00:00

Undermining development: forced eviction in Bangladesh

NGO document
2012-12-01 00:00:00 | FM Review
2012-01-30 00:00:00

The indigenous' peoples development plan for the Phulbari coal project, Bangladesh

NGO document
2012-01-30 00:00:00 | International Accountability Project
2012-01-23 00:00:00

Phulbari Fact Sheet

NGO document
2012-01-23 00:00:00 | International Accountability Project
2011-12-31 00:00:00

The Phulbari Coal Project

A Threat To People, Land, And Human Rights In Bangladesh
NGO document
2011-12-31 00:00:00 | International Accounatbility Project
2011-12-12 00:00:00

The Phulbari coal project: risks, impacts, and resistance

Other document
2011-12-12 00:00:00 | International Accountability Project et al.
2011-03-31 00:00:00

Global coal management: Major shareholders as of 3/31/11

Company document
2011-03-31 00:00:00 | Morningstar
2011-03-19 00:00:00

Letter of urgent concern to GCM

NGO document
2011-03-19 00:00:00 | Mangrove Action Project
2011-03-10 00:00:00

GCM response letter

Correspondence
2011-03-10 00:00:00 | Steve Bywater
2011-02-21 00:00:00

To the Office of the UN Independent Expert on the Right to Water and Sanitation:

Correspondence
2011-02-21 00:00:00 | International Accountability Project
2011-02-10 00:00:00

Model letter to government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Correspondence
2011-02-10 00:00:00 | Cultural Survival
2011-02-09 00:00:00

Cultural Survival Launches Campaign to Halt Coal Mine in Bangladesh

NGO document
2011-02-09 00:00:00 | International Accountability Project and Cultural Survival
2011-02-09 00:00:00

Phulbari response campaign

NGO document
2011-02-09 00:00:00 | Cultural Survival
2011-02-09 00:00:00

IAP’s spotlight article on GRC

Other document
2011-02-09 00:00:00 | International Accountability Project
2011-02-09 00:00:00

Campaign Tools: Model letter

NGO document
2011-02-09 00:00:00 | International Accountability Project and Cultural Survival
2011-02-07 00:00:00

A letter to the New York Times on Phulbari

Correspondence
2011-02-07 00:00:00 | Kate Hoshour, Senior Research Fellow & Joanna Levitt, Executive Director
2011-01-31 00:00:00

Don’t let open pit coal mine destroy homes, lives & mangrove forests in Bangladesh

Other document
2011-01-31 00:00:00 | Mangrove Action Project
2011-01-26 00:00:00

Phulbari coal mine: project financiers

Other document
2011-01-26 00:00:00
2011-01-26 00:00:00

GMC Resources Plc: Major Shareholders as of 1/25/2011

Other document
2011-01-26 00:00:00
2010-11-01 00:00:00

Long March Report

Other document
2010-11-01 00:00:00 | Nasrin Siraj Annie
2010-10-01 00:00:00

Multiplying displacement impacts: development as usual in a changing global climate

NGO document
2010-10-01 00:00:00 | International Accountability Project
2010-02-26 00:00:00

CSO letter to GCM Resources concerning the Phulbari coal mine

Correspondence
2010-02-26 00:00:00 | International Accountability Project et.al.
2009-06-26 00:00:00

GCM's statement to Joint Commitee on Human Rights concerning Phulbari coal mine project

Company document
2009-06-26 00:00:00 | GCM Resources
2009-01-28 00:00:00

Phulbari Coal: a Parlous Project

NGO document
2009-01-28 00:00:00 | Nostromo Research for Bank Information Center
2008-08-21 00:00:00

An Assessment of the Draft Resettlement Plan Prepared by Global Coal Management/Asia Energy Corporation

NGO document
2008-08-21 00:00:00 | International Accountability Project, Bank Information Center
2008-08-01 00:00:00

Open letter to financial institutions investing in Global Coal Management Regarding the Phulbari Coal Project, Bangladesh

Correspondence
2008-08-01 00:00:00 | International Accountability Project
2008-07-03 00:00:00

OMCT acts to prevent further violence in connection with a large scale open-pit coal mine in Phulbari, Bangladesh and welcomes the Asian Development Bank’s suspension of support for this project

NGO document
2008-07-03 00:00:00 | OCMT
2007-12-21 00:00:00

Bangladesh: Risk of violent suppression of public opposition to Phulbari coal mine project

NGO document
2007-12-21 00:00:00 | OMCT

Demonstration against Phulbari Open Pit Coal Mine

2010-12-06
Demonstration at the headquarters of the company GCM

The Long March

2010-10-29
The aim of halting one of the world's largest open pit coalmines has united tens of thousands of people in Bangladesh and they are, once again, on the move this week.

Phulbari Campaign slide show

2011-06-22 09:50:30

Phulbari Coal Mine Social Movement (Part 2)

2010-09-29 11:43:28

Phulbari Coal Mine Social Movement (Part 1)

2010-09-29 11:42:43

Don't undermine Bangladesh

UK company Global Coal Management (GCM) are planning to build a coal mine in Bangladesh which will destroy the homes of 40,000 people and threaten the water supply of more than 100,000.
2009-06-29 16:17:18

Phulbari page of the International Accountability Project

Facebook page Phulbari Resistance group

Cultural survival

Another Time: Coming up Another Occasion to Displace People

A blog on the displacement of people due to the project

Phulbari Resistance

Blogspot of communities resisting GCM Resources Plc (GCM) Open Pit Coal Mining Project in Phulbari, Bangladesh.

Mangrove Action Project

This project is dedicated to reversing the degradation and loss of mangrove forest ecosystems worldwide. Its main goal is to promote the rights of traditional and indigenous coastal peoples, including fishers and farmers, to sustainably manage their coastal environs.

Paula Palmer (Cultural Survival) talks with Bob Kincaid about Phulbari Campaign

Bob Kincaid, of Head-On radio, invites Cultural Survival's Paula Palmer to speak about a campaign to prevent a coal mine from displacing thousands of Indigenous farmers in Bangaldesh's northwest town of Phulbari.

VN rapporteur waarschuwt voor megakolenmijn in Phulbari, Bangladesh

Link to Both ENDS website discussing Phulbari project (in Dutch).

UN News Centre

Link to a news article outlining the disadvantages of the Phulbari coal project.

Phulbari coal mining project on SourceWatch

Updates

2019

2019-07-11 00:00:00 | GCM Resources Signs Agreement For Phulbari Coal Project Development

Energy and mining firm GCM Resources said that it has signed a memorandum of understanding with Foreign Engineering & Construction Co and Power Construction Corp of China. The memorandum forms the basis for a strategic partnership between the three companies to develop GCM's coal resource of 572 million tonnes at the Phulbari coal and power project in Bangladesh (Morningstar).

2016

2016-12-15 00:00:00 | Protest at annual SH-meeting of GCM Resources by climate activists

On Thursday, December 15, 2016, Bangladeshi protesters from the Phulbari region were joined by climate activists in London outside of the annual general shareholders meeting of Global Coal Management (GCM) Resources Plc, a British mining company who wants to build a massive open cast coal mine by forcibly displacing 130,000 people in Phulbari, Bangladesh (source Cultural Survival).

2015

2015-07-04 00:00:00 | Outcomes of the OECD complaint

The UK National Contact Point (NCP) for the OECD Multinational Guidelines reported in on the Phulbari complaint in November 2014. The NCP's conclusion was that GCM had not breached its obligations to respect the human rights of those affected by their activities, nor its obligations to carry out appropriate human rights due diligence. It was, however, advised that GCM did breach its obligations to "develop self-regulatory practices and management systems that foster confidence and trust in the societies they operate in", with the recommendations that GCM should undertake a human rights impact assessment, engage with affected communities and develop its communications plans. The statement also said that the NCP would investigate whether GCM have fulfilled these recommendations in May 2015. This was a very disappointing outcome. The NCP refused to consider the inevitable impacts of the project on human rights should it go ahead, which is inconsistent with the OECD guidelines. There were also concerns about the NCP's failure to engage with expert opinions or consider the situation on the ground in Bangladesh. More details about the OECD Complaint can be found on the OECD Watch website.   

2013

2013-12-31 00:00:00 | More protests in 2013

Protests marked 2013. An official complaint to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has been made by the World Development Movement and the International Accountability Project, saying the company would forcibly evict up to 130,000 people if the project went ahead. The complaint mentions a UN report from earlier this year warning that "access to safe drinking water for some 220,000 people is at stake". As part of a new strategy, GCM substituted some British members of the board of directors for Malaysians.

2012

2012-12-06 00:00:00 | Latest update

The situation in Phulbari has been tense since Oct 14th, when the Ministry of Home Affairs issued a circular instructing local police and administrators to cooperate with new surveys to be carried out by Global Coal Management (GCM), the UK-based company pushing the project. 

Protests ensued and the Goverment of Bangladesh (GoB) slapped a ban in place prohibiting gatherings of more than 4 people.  In response, local protesters defied the ban and organized a two-day general strike and demonstration that shut down highways, shops, etc. throughout Phulbari.

GoB deployed some 500 armed forces to Phulbari, including the notorious Rapid Action Battalion, denounced as "a death squad" by Human Rights Watch. Local protesters have now set a deadline of 31 December for GoB to meet their demands to permanently expel GCM from Bangladesh and implement a ban on open pit mining.

2011

2011-02-07 00:00:00 | Latest update

As of 31 December 2010, GCM continues to state that  they will move forward with the Phublari project when the government finally approves the Scheme of Development. Currently discussions continue with the government. However, the Bangladesh parliamentary Standing Committee on Power, Energy and mineral resources are recommending that the country moves towards open cut mining methods of extraction.

Recently, there was a Wikileaks release stating that US diplomats are, and have been, pressuring the Bangladesh government to reopen Phulbari coal mine negotiations, which was closed due to protest.

This project has been on hold, in the planning phase, since Bangladesh entered emergency rule in January 2007. However, following the national elections in December 2008, a new government has taken over and is reconsidering whether or how to move forward with the project.

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